History of Advertising Essay examples - 712 Words

History of Advertising The earliest form of advertising was simply people receiving information about goods and services by word of mouth from traders. Word of mouth advertising was used throughout the centuries and still is today, but something was introduced in the 15th century that would revolutionise the way of life. In the 15th century the printing press was introduced. In Europe printing was introduced in the 15th century, that movable type was reinvented by Johannes Gutenberg in Germany. From there printing spread to Italy, France, and England, where it was introduced by William Caxton. In England the first printing press was located at Westminister.†¦show more content†¦Bill posting was a popular and cheap way of advertising. Many people in big towns were employed into sticking posters onto walls around the towns, often covering other ads. Also another way of advertising was to use people to carry posters around all day. These people were called sandwich-board men. As competition increased , advertisers began to experiment with different ways of printing adverts. Advertisers wanted to attract the most attention so people would buy their product. A few ways of attracting attention were to have a striking first line, bold headlines, or repeated claims were all favoured devices. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Even so, it was not until the latter half of the 19th century that advertising really began, not only to grow far more rapidly, but also to take on its now familiar forms. Several factors contributed to this sudden expansion. The Industrial Revolution had begun to concentrate production into fewer hands because machines could mass-produce in less time. Correspondingly, the producers need to advertise their products because the machines were very expensive and needed to compensate for them. A rise in general income and literacy had led to an increase in the circulation of the newspapers, which in turn made them far more attractive as an advertising medium.Show MoreRelatedHistory of Advertising (False Advertising)3614 Words   |  15 PagesEthics in Marketing: False Advertising History of Advertising and the Rise of Ethical Implications For decades, advertisements have been telling us not only what to buy, but also what we shouldn’t be able to live without. The history of advertising can be traced back as far as the Roman Empire, where posters advertising the gladiatorial games would be hung around for all to see. Modern advertising dates back to about 1583 when the first daily newspaper was printed in England under the reignRead MoreThe History And Development Of Advertising1659 Words   |  7 PagesA Research Paper on The History and Development of Online Advertisement In the beginning of the Internet era, users did not encounter much advertising as they slowly scrolled the infinite pages of the Internet. Now in the midst of an ever- evolving technology based society, the world of marketing and advertisement is making a strong effort to stay up current with the heavy use of the Internet in society. Online and social media advertisements are rapidly changing in an attempt to keep gettingRead MoreThe History Background of Advertising1515 Words   |  7 PagesThe History Background of Advertising 02/16/2012 1700’s-1900 Advertising has gone through several periods to be developed to the extent that it is today. Beginning in the 1700’s, the concept of the newspaper began to take hold of the early American Colonies. It wasn’t until 1736 that the concept of advertising became an aspect of newspapers due to its popularization on the count of Benjamin Franklin. Franklin began to use advertisements to sell items such as wine and mathematical instrumentsRead MorePepsis Advertising History1928 Words   |  8 Pages6 ounce bottle. 1939 brought a whole new look at the value of Pepsi. A cartoon strip, â€Å"Pepsi and Pete† introduced the theme â€Å"Twice as much for a nickel â€Å"to reinforce the huge value advantage of the soda Pepsi. By 1940 Pepsi makes nationwide history because their jingle†Nickle, Nickel† was broadcast nationwide and became a hit record. It was translated into 55 different languages. In1941 Pepsi wanted to support Americas War Efforts so it changed its bottles to red, white and blue. There alsoRead MoreA Brief History of the Development of Advertising1461 Words   |  6 PagesPGDM ROLL – PGDM/10/013 ASSIGNMENT – A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ADVERTISING DEFINITION - Advertising is a  process, not a medium in its own right, although it uses different media forms to communicate. Advertising, in its simplest form, is the way in which the vendor or manufacturer of a product communicates with consumers via a medium, or many different media. HISTORY Egyptians used papyrus to make sales messagesRead MoreThe History of Advertising and Advantages and Disadvantages of Modern Advertising Techniques1744 Words   |  7 Pagesmedia includes the internet. Advertising is one example of information that is being spread to the mass audience through media. According to the dictionary, advertising is the paid, one-way marketing of giving information to the mass audience through channels of mass communications to promote goods, services, or ideas. Advertising comes in many form. There are infomercial, TV commercials, radio advertising, online advertising, celebrity branding, etc. Advertising has existed even during the oldRead MoreChanges And Problems Of The History Of Television Advertising1366 Words   |  6 PagesExamine changes and problems in the history of television advertising. Advertising - which can be reduced to ‘ad’ - is classically used to sell a product or service. The very first ad was aired July 1st 1942 in the USA; in the UK the first ad was aired September 22nd 1955 on ITV. In many countries political campaigns exist and are essential but in contrast countries such as Norway and France control or ban such political campaigns. The two core tasks of advertising are to meet broadcast standards andRead MoreHistory of Technology Use in Advertising Essay3412 Words   |  14 PagesIntroduction: Chapter 1 1.1 Why is it important to ask this question? It is sometimes easy for consumers and advertisers to forget, but advertising involves a whole ecosystem of creativity, copywriter and art director, planners and Creative Directors, affiliates of the brand, via a plethora of other professionals – and professions – in order for an idea to come to life and hit our TV screens, radio waves, and any other medium available. With a perpetual flux of new technologies, mediaRead MoreSome History of Promotion Marketing or Advertising Essay1083 Words   |  5 PagesSome History of Promotion Marketing/Advertising Promotional Strategies and Advertising are very important when it comes to marketing for a firm. One of the methods used to determine the internal and external environment in the organization business strategies is the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis. This is the matrix platform for most business firms and it is effective for organizations. When people are talking about promotional strategies and advertising; marketingRead MoreCoca Col A Long And Impressive History That Saw The Very Different Examples Of Advertising1509 Words   |  7 PagesCoca-Cola Advertisement The brand of Coca-Cola has a long and impressive history that saw the very different examples of advertising. To begin with, it was invented in the nineteenth century and gained its name by its two main ingredients - cola nuts (from which caffeine can be derived) and coca leaves. What is interesting, the coca-cola logo was created in the nineteenth century by Frank Mason Robinson. (Pendergarst 46) He invented the name of Coca-Cola and proposed the cursive script. What is

The Teachings of Christianity on the Sanctity of Life in...

The Teachings of Christianity on the Sanctity of Life in Realtion to Abortion Abortion is one of the most controversial topics faced by the world today. The number of abortions has doubled from 1971 to 1991, 100,000 abortions to 200,000 abortions. 500 abortions a day, 1 abortion in 3 women. This is still rising. In this piece of writing I will try to explain the different views on abortion based on the teachings of Christianity about the Sanctity of Life. First of all there is the Absolutist view where abortion is seen as evil and always wrong. For an Absolutist there is no excuse whatsoever to have an abortion. They dont think that it is right for a woman to have an abortion even if the child†¦show more content†¦In Psalm 139:13, it reads this, For thou didst form my inward parts, thou didst knit me together in my mothers womb. I praise thee, for thou art fearful and wonderful. Wonderful are thy works! Thou knowest me right well, this tells us that God knows about each foetus ready to born and loves them dearly even before they have come into our world. Luke 12:6 reads this, Are not five sparrows sold for two pennies? And not one of them is forgotten before God. Why, even the hairs of your head are all numbered. Fear not; you are of more value than many sparrows, this tells us that God again loves us very much above anything else so he would obviously think that abortion was wrong. The didache is a very recent Christian w riting, it is the first to refer directly to abortion, you shall not kill by abortion the fruit of the womb and you shall not murder the infant already born. Then there is the situationalist view. This means that it depends on the situation the woman is in, in order for her to have an abortion. These exceptional situations are 1)if the mothers life is at serious risk, in 1984 a report from the church of England stated that the foetus is to be specially respected and protected but the life of the foetus is no absolutely sacrosanct if it endangers the life of the mother. 2)if the child will be born disabled, this is because it

Distortion of the American Dream in The Great Gatsby Essay Example For Students

Distortion of the American Dream in The Great Gatsby Essay In the past the American Dream was an inspiration to many, young and old. To live out the American Dream was what once was on the minds of many Americans. In The Great Gatsby, the American Dream was presented as a corrupted version of what used to be a pure and honest ideal way to live. The idea that the American Dream was about the wealth and the possessions one had been ingrained, somehow, into the minds of Americans during the 1920’s. As a result of the distortion of the American Dream, the characters of F. Scott Fitzgeralds novel, The Great Gatsby along with many others, lived life fully believing in the American Dream, becoming completely immersed in it and in the end suffered great tragedies. Around the 1920’s many Americans outlook on life began to change. The American Dream gave them something to fight for, â€Å"a chance to achieve fame, power, or fortune†(Daeleiden 11), a chance to climb above their previous generation in terms of the social ladder. Even though it was superficial, Gatsbys outlook on life was something that could be labeled as optimistic. However as optimistic as it was, Gatsby was ignorant to the truths hovering around him. Although Gatsby’s intentions were good many times he became confused in what he really wished for. Gatsby believed that if he overcame the poverty of his early life and became someone new he would be able to capture the heart of his beloved Daisy, a woman whose materialistic outlook on life led Gatsby to extremities. Gatsby threw around large amounts of money as if it was nothing in an attempt to win over the heart of his beloved Daisy. He even threw incredibly lavish parties in hope that Daisy would attend one giving him t. .kest way possible. To have an easy life without having to make an effort and to obtain all the materialist possessions within your ability. The difference between Fiztgeralds American dream and the Contemporary Dream is that one exemplifies the results rather then the process. Fitzgeralds American Dream is mostly portrayed as a miracle followed by a demise while the Contemporary Dream is more of a lack of effort in the achieving of a superficial American Dream. The similarities however lie in the materialism of the corrupted American Dream. What was once a pure dream became the race to becoming wealthy in ever possible way. Both Fitzgerald and the Contemporary Dream emphasize the possessions of one. Fitzgerald however looks at this in a negative way while the other presents materialism as positive and a necessity to achieving the American Dream.

The San Francisco Chronicle Pronounced Mark Twains Adventures Of Essay

"The San Francisco Chronicle" pronounced Mark Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn his most notable and well written books. The Mississippi region is far better depicted in this novel than in his earlier Life on the Mississippi. An accurate account is made of the lifestyle and times of the Southwest nearly fifty years prior to the construction of the novel. Twain does a remarkable job enticing the reader into the adventures of two boys, Huck and Tom, and a runaway Negro, Jim, while also covertly implanting his messages and morals in the text. The most pleasing parts of the story are those Twain describes in detail. Detail is also exceptionally displayed in the illustrations he paints of the characters. Pap, Huck's father, is one of the prime examples. Twain has the ability to create a portrait in short sketches as well as long. It is this ability that pulls the reader into the great American story. Along with detail and concise character depiction, Twain intertwines humor. The Duke and the King contribute to some of the most amusing humor throughout the course of their "work" trying to imitate heirs of the late Peter Wilks. It is "fertility and luck" that salvage them from exposure. It is all the close calls of near discovery from each character's fraud that moves the story along. With out the suspense the plot would be dull. Every person who endulges in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn will commend the story as exceptional literature. The humor and precise depiction of the time, life, place, and people will all contribute to this conclusion. The story is "well gotten up" and "fun."

Overview of Diabeties essays

Overview of Diabeties essays * 1. what is it? diabetes a disease in which the body is unable to effectively stores, and use glouse as an energy source. Diabetes is a disorder of metabolismthe way our bodies use digested food for growth and energy. Most of the food we eat is broken down into glucose, the form of sugar in the blood. Glucose is the main source of fuel for the body. After digestion, glucose passes into the bloodstream, where it is used by cells for growth and energy. For glucose to get into cells, insulin must be present. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas, a large gland behind the stomach. When we eat, the pancreas is supposed to automatically produce the right amount of insulin to move glucose from blood into our cells. In people with diabetes, however, the pancreas either produces little or no insulin, or the cells do not respond appropriately to the insulin that is produced. Glucose builds up in the blood, overflows into the urine, and passes out of the body. Thus, the body loses its main source of fuel even though the blood contains large amounts of glucose. Affects 16 million people. Is a leading cause of death and disability. Costs $98 billion per year. 2. Also called insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus because the beta cell in the Pancreas can not produce enough insulin. Type 1 diabetes , Type 2 diabetes , Gestational diabetes. A disorder of metabolismthe way the body digests food for energy and growth 3.bodyYour body produces insulin which keeps your blood sugar normal. When your body doesn't produce this you get sick , sometimes you can even die. there are different types of diabetes this one is called type one diabetes . The life you live with this can be bad you have to takes shots of insulin everyday, and prick yourself with a needle to see your sugar level. You also can't eat a lot of junk food . The symptoms of this disease are urgent thirst , fatigue, irritability, and also m ...

Strategic Planning Essay

Strategic Planning Essay Strategic Planning Essay This is a free sample essay on Strategic Planning: Introduction A Whole School ICT Policy is a crucial document that describes how and why a school is developing ICT. It should be seen as a dynamic document, which is reviewed regularly. The policy is intended as a statement of the beliefs, values and objectives of the school and aims to ensure that staff can work collaboratively within the context of utilising ICT as a functional tool within school. The purpose of the policy is to both review current practice and plan for the future needs of all in the school. As an essential management tool the policy should encompass aspects of why the school is heading in a particular direction, set realistic goals leading toward the ultimate intention and how milestones will be achieved. Scenario This assignment will discuss key issues in the development of a whole school ICT policy for a secondary school consisting of eleven to eighteen year old pupils. The school intake is 180 pupils per year, with an average of 50% entering the sixth form. The number of pupils enrolled is calculated as 1080 with six classes of thirty pupils in each year, from Year 7 to Year 11 and a Lower and Upper Sixth form of 90 pupils each. I have adopted the strategy that pupils in Years 7 to 9 work in Form Groups of 30, with GCSE Groups in Years 10 and 11 being split into groups of ?. Whilst seeking to improve the overall ICT facilities and curriculum within the School, it is intended to honour the commitment to cross-curricular use of ICT, a provision that has been described by the recent OFSTED inspection as patchy. In response to OFSTEDs comment, the school Senior Management Team (SMT) and the Board of Governors have agreed to provide the necessary financial support for an immediate improvement to ICT provision. Furthermore, it has been agreed that additional ICT teaching space will be made available by developing the library into a Learning Resource Centre (LRC). Strategic planning Strategic planning is â€Å"aimed at total concentration of the organisations resources on mutually predetermined measurable outcomes (Cook, W. Jr. 1988). According to this definition, an effective plan encompasses the schools entire resources and purpose. Strategic plans are typically comprehensive and hence should include everything essential to a schools Vision Statement the starting point of any strategic plan. It is crucial for strategic planning that schools periodically establish and monitor aims and objectives around which any school policy must be constructed. Strategic planning enables people to influence the future and change. The very act of planning enables schools to exert influence over their own future amidst the restraining and constraining influences of socioeconomic forces, Local Education Authorities (LEAs) and government. Wise planners pay particular attention to demographic changes, shrinking financial support, strengthening curriculum, and attracting, developing, and retaining effective teachers. They must also plan to fully utilise computers and other new instructional technologies and to prepare students for employment. Research shows that everyone concerned with education should participate in the planning process and that even the most carefully formulated policy will be irrelevant if sufficient time and money are not dedicated to meeting its objectives. Cook asserts that â€Å"the best plans are based more on the collective intuition of the planning team than on so-called hard data. He urges planners to meet regularly while Hart (1988) recommends using several small groups to begin the planning process in order to discuss, prioritise and report back to SMTs so that everyone shares a sense of cohesion, consensus and ownership. This is particularly pertinent if the plan is to evolve into a â€Å"Whole School Policy†. The role of strategic planning in relation to the whole school ICT development is extremely complex as most of the components involved are inter-linked with each other in a complex of environments, inputs and outcomes. It can be equated to a web site with multiple links and alternative pathways. Compared to other curriculum subjects ICT is not only a subject in its own right but also overarches the whole institution. Therefore, ICT demands careful planning in order to effectively control and harvest its full potential and benefit and to avoid misuse and waste of funds, facilities, time and resources which collectively result in purposeless underachievement. Strategic plans should span at least five years. They should be reviewed annually, with a particularly thorough review at the end of the first year. A strategic plan, after all, is not simply a document; it is a schools road map to the future. Evaluation of ICT An ICT strategy is required to enable an overview of school activities to fulfill school curriculum aims and ICT ambitions. Its design should enable change while determining a route for all to follow in order to achieve a shared vision of determination and commitment by all (Freedman, T., 1999 p27). The ICT policy transforms token gestures into specific aims concerning curriculum, staffing and roles, resources and expenditure. In order to facilitate these aims, certain management issues need to be addressed. Ideally, the school would have a Steering Group (SG) in place ideally composed of representatives of the SMT (School Head and Chair) the Board of Governors, the ICT Coordinator, IT teachers and Technician/s and Heads of Departments. These would formulate data protection, licensing, security, finances, ethics, ICT and the NC, monitoring and evaluation, access, timetabling and training. The SG should meet regularly to monitor, evaluate and review planning to resolve implementation of ICT policy, departmental ICT teaching and usage monitoring, responsibility for ICT schemes of work and their monitoring and review (www.becta.org.uk). OFSTED stipulate that the school SMT are responsible for the provision and implementation of a whole school ICT policy. It is common practice for the ICT Co-ordinator, in conjunction with the SG, to write and maintain the ICT policy document. However, the starting point of such a document is to ascertain the current situation by undertaking an audit (ICT activity, staff competence, resources) to frame an action plan. Individual stages of an action plan must undergo evaluation. Hargreaves et al, (1989) suggests that school development planning consists of four cyclical processes: Audit, Construction, Implementation and Evaluation. This is commensurate with Kolbs (1985) model of the Learning Cycle. It refers to the process by which individuals, teams, and organisations attend to and understand experiences, and consequently modify behaviour. The cycle is based on the idea that reflection offers opportunity to modify and refine efforts. The logic of the learning cycle is to make incremental improvements that constitute major improvement over time. The cycle also comprises of four steps: Doing; Reflection; Interpretation and Planning. Coupled with these models, any implementation schedule should be drawn up with clearly defined review dates. However, as Crawford (1997) points out, it is foolhardy to plan the development of detailed ICT resources more than one year in advance as technology and prices constantly change and therefore impact directly on school provision. Thus, the ICT policy is like a car MOT it is only a snapshot of how things stand at a particular time. Consequently, it is essential that the ICT policy is reviewed and updated annually. ______________ is a professional academic writing service which can provide high school, college and university students with 100% original custom written essays, research papers, term papers, dissertations, courseworks, book reviews, book reports, lab reports, projects, presentations and other assignments of top quality. More than 700 professional Ph.D. and Master’s academic writers. 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An examination of colossians Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

An examination of colossians - Dissertation Example On the other hand, there are some scholars who are looking into the past using the lens of the current period. 4This approach also suffers from the pitfall of failing to see the uniqueness of the situation of the past, thus distinguishing it from the current human condition.5 The problem of ethnocentrism is crucial in interpreting past events, contexts, and narratives. In this regard, Colossians 1.12-13 presents an old theme and promise repeatedly told in the Old Testament that is fulfilled by Jesus in the New Testament and yet a seeming contradiction to many in contemporary society, †¦Constantly give thanks to the Father who has empowered us to receive our share in the inheritance of the saints in his kingdom of light. He has rescued us from the dominion of darkness and transferred us to the kingdom of his beloved Son †¦ The verse offers a summary of God’s redemptive act of love. It speaks no longer of a promise, but of a reality that is made available to those â₠¬Å"the Father who has qualified .. to share in the inheritance of His holy people in the kingdom of light†.6 Likewise, it uses the imagery of â€Å"deliverance as presented in Exodus and Jesus theme of Kingdom†. ... The second concern raise against Colossians 1.12-13 is the fact that, the contemporary period, lives in the â€Å"age of syncretism†. The contemporary period is marked by the continued effort of many to harmonize existing religious differences. This is not in itself wrong, but it creates a system wherein Jesus is relegated as one of the founders of religion and Christianity is just one of the many religions.8 In the effort to create a harmonious space for the co-existence of various recognized religions, beliefs, ideologies, and other principles and philosophies, Jesus becomes just one of the leaders of religion, â€Å"they are not denying him , but they are dethroning Him and robbing Him of His rightful place of preeminence†. 9As such, there is a crisis in contemporary Christian faith. Since, many fail to give to God what is due to Him as they focus on other teachings, principles, teachings and beliefs that reduce their obedience, trust, and faithfulness to the Word of God. This same scenario is the primary concern that the faithful in Colossae were facing. In fact, one of the major themes of Colossians is how to address false beliefs that threatened faith of Christians in Colossae. Geographically, Colossae was one of the three cities situated 100 miles from Ephesus.10 The other two cities were Laodicea and Hierapolis.11 Colossae was considered as the melting pot of the East and West. There was a time that it was an important trade route. However, economic activities within the city started to slow down until it became a small town. Nonetheless, Colossae remained a significant city because of the numerous beliefs and philosophies mingled within the city. Ideas continued to influx the city.12 These ideas and

Evaluating a website as a source for learning history Essay

Evaluating a website as a source for learning history - Essay Example Should history websites be boring? This is the question that comes to mind after reading Lisa Richardson’s article. In attempt to be humorous, one can lose the traits of neutrality and objectivity that are crucial to academic work. The website chosen for analysis is http://opinion.latimes.com/opinionla/2009/10/glenn-beck-hilarity.html and it was visited on the 24th of October 2013. It was particularly interesting because it focuses on one of the most controversial but continual aspects of US history; slavery. Not only is this piece deficient in terms of historical evidence, it largely focuses on the opinions of a media personality. Therefore, it is an unsuitable website for learning history because it prioritizes political shaming over historical accuracy. Website analysis Instead of dwelling on historical information first, the author starts with someone’s untruths and then uses some historical events to back them. This article mocks media personality, Glenn Beck, by a sserting that he was trying to make a spin on a historical issue that was known to all. According to the author, Glenn Beck alluded to the fact that liberals in the 19th century were slave supporters. She then adds that this was totally unfounded because conservatives were slave-owners. They had much to lose from the abolition of this practice, so they fought against the liberals in order to have their way. From the spin on this topic, one can deduce that the writer’s agenda is to portray conservatives as irrational people. The target audience also consists of liberals who would find an attack against conservatives quite palatable. This site, which is known as Opinion L.A. belongs to a number of bloggers with liberal leanings. If the writer of the piece was interested in disseminating historical truths, she would have started with facts and then alluded to someone’s rant about the same. Useful information is hard to find and buried in a plethora of attacks, but it stil l exists. As a historian, one would still find something useful in the site. The story highlights the political disagreements that were sparked by debates on slavery. It sheds light on why the institution was able to persist for a relatively long time. Consensus on the matter was simply not forthcoming. At least the website mentions the relationships between the state and its constituents especially when it wanted to restrict certain practices. This website thus highlights the nature of controversies that stemmed from political disagreements. It is possible to know these facts because a civil war arose from the differences. However, one would require a thorough knowledge of the events in American history to discovery these hidden truths. This article is slanted on one side to make it appear as though democrats were the progressive thinkers of their time. A number of persons disagree with this view because they believe that democrats only acquired a progressive incline after the 1960 s when it was necessary to do so. Furthermore, the author is bent on labeling historians either as liberal or conservatives. The following statement illustrates one of the assumptions made by the writer: â€Å"Conservatives, of course, were slave-owners and liberals were not. Conservatives in the 19th century believed in the tyranny of state government and liberals did not.   Everyone with a shred of understanding about American history knows that. We had a whole war over it.† (Richardson, 2009) In the matter of slavery, this dichotomy does not work well because several individuals had liberal views but did not support slavery. Conversely religious activists fought for abolition of slave trade even when most of their views were regarded as conservative. It is for this reasons that one would question the comments of the writer. She seems too intent on painting one side of the political divide as a change agent and the other as a forestaller. It would have been better for the writer to focus on events as they were rather than

Exchange Risks Essay Example for Free

Exchange Risks Essay The challenging issues in international business within the 20th and 21st century are currency and exchange rate risks. In the late 20th century, for instances, it has been clear that exchange rate risks considerations are critical for business survival. The economics crisis in the U. S. and most of European countries has displayed how the value of currencies in international business settings could alter the faith of millions of people, brought some to welfare and others to poverty. Concerning the business strategy into Brazilian market, the plan to strengthen market in the country is greatly influenced by economical factors such as the inflation figure of Brazil and the global economics crisis. The inflation figure is important since it influence the purchasing power of Brazilian. The global economic crisis also influences the country’s exchange rate of Brazilian currency that further influence the pricing of Bimbo bread products. In the light of this involvement, companies need to perform foreign currency risks assessments regarding the business activities. Most companies generally apply some of the financial tools that would protect them from foreign currency risk exposure, like futures, forward contract, etc. Recommendation The first analysis that Bimbo may take in expanding into foreign market is the country risk analysis. This is important factor for Bimbo since retail industry is low concentrated industry in which many local bread providers. In addition, country risk analysis also helps Bimbo in assessing whether a country has a set of policy that benefits business or vice versa. The figure 1 suggests that the more attractive a country is in terms of FDI index, the more likely that Bimbo must immediately presents in the country. Based on the FDI Index, we assess that Bimbo has performed suitable investment in Brazil. Since a country risk is only one factor in deciding a foreign direct investment, Bimbo must perform the next step that is to define marketing objectives to guide the company in assessing their productivity in foreign market. Figure 1 Top 25 Countries in term of FDI Confidence Index Source: A. T. Kearney Challenges of Grupo Bimbo in the U. S Choose the Suitable Entry Strategy In terms of market entry, there are many ways of entering a foreign market; each has its own economic and legal implications. Some entry strategies that multinational companies usually take are joint venture and foreign direct investment. Joint venture is a type of foreign market penetration strategy has a considerably large investment risk but this method consists of an opportunity to learn and create a greater presence in the targeted markets. Companies prefer to perform this type of market entry strategy when dealing with countries whose government put considerable restrictions on foreign ownership (Quick MBA, 2007). In case of Bimbo, the company may conduct joint marketing, for example, with local retailer named Lojas Americanas, a Brazil leading department store chain. This method provides Bimbo with the capability to learn the Brazilian retail market since at that time Customers’ Preferences Other risks in conducting international expansion are cultural issues. This factor then accumulates into becoming customers’ preferences. According to various studies in the field, culture is often an underestimated factor in managing corporate businesses. These studies also revealed that those companies that failed to place culture as an important business consideration often find themselves in a disappointing circumstance. Business investments that cost millions of US dollars could go down the drain due to such failure (Kwintessential, 2007). For instances, the Brazilian and U. S. customers consider the quality of product as the most important factor when deciding to buy merchandises. The other factors are price, value added and packaging. Today, however, realizing the global environment we are living in, companies are becoming increasingly cultural sensitive. There are various examples of corporations that hired people from various backgrounds and discover a synergy within their cooperation. In terms of Bimbo, in order to cope with cultural issues, the company also makes some cultural adjustment such as the use of advertisement media. If in the U. S. , the company spends many television advertising, in the Brazil, Bimbo takes many radio advertisings since many Brazilian housewives listen to the radio more often then watching television. Reference: Ball, Donald A. et al. (2002). International Business the Challenge of Global Competition. McGraw Hill Holt, David H and Wigginton, Karen W. (2002). International Management. Thomson Kotler, Philip. (2000). Marketing Management. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc Kwintessential. (2007). Cultural Sensitivity in Business. Retrieved October 10, 2008 from http://www. kwintessential. co. uk/cultural-services/articles/cultural-sensitivity. html Quick MBA. (2007). Foreign Market Entry Modes. Retrieved October 10, 2008 from http://www. quickmba. com/strategy/global/marketentry/.

The Origin of Robots Essays -- Asimov I Robot Essays

The Origin of Robots Over the years mankind has advanced greatly in the field of technology and day by day we continue to advance. The future holds many possibilities, one of which is living in a world with robots. Isaac Asimov shared his view of this possible future in his novel I, Robot. His view portrays robots as machines superior to humans mentally and physically. If robots are superior to humans, how do humans control the robots? Humans create the three Laws of Robotics, which are instilled into the positronic brains of every robot created. These laws state that no robot can harm or allow harm to come to a human, they must obey humans (unless it conflicts with the first law), and no robot can harm itself (unless it conflicts with the first two laws). In Isaac Asimov's novel I, Robot, Asimov uses independent short stories as told by robo-psychologist Dr. Susan Calvin, to show the evolution of robots and how they relate to the Laws of Robotics. Robbie is the first robot portrayed in Asimov's novel. This robot doesn't talk and is used as a nursemaid. Robots at this time are socially unacceptable which is important to acknowledge when considering their evolution. The story of Robbie mostly introduces robots, but it also touches on the first rule of robotics. Gloria, the little girl Robbie took care of, was almost killed and Robbie saved her instantly because of the first Law of Robotics and the humans involved delayed their reaction. This is also an example of how robots were superior to humans. Unlike "Robbie," the next story, "Runaround," goes into more detail of the Laws of Robotics. "Runaround," shows a robot's conflict with the second and third laws. Speedy, the robot with the conflict, is casually ordered to do ... ...ship. The machines exist because of humans and humans cannot exist without the machines. In Isaac Asimov's novel, I, Robot, robots have come a long way starting with the inaudible Robbie all the way to the machines that control the world. The irony of the society is that in the first story robots were not socially acceptable but in the final story, society depends on robots for survival. Not only have the robots and the Laws evolved in Asimov's novel, but his society has as well. Asimov shows this evolution with his use of short stories. Separately, each of the stories are just tales about particular robots and how they relate to the Laws of Robotics. When these stories are merged into one novel, they create an entirely new theme that cannot be shown when separated. Works Cited Asimov, Isaac. I, Robot. Greenwich, Connecticut: Fawcett Publications, Inc. 1950

Gcom 123 Study Guide

Study Guide for GCOM 123 Students are recommended to know this information for class tests and the final exam. Fundamentals of Communication Chapter 1: Competent Communication What are the most common myths about communication? Explain the differences between the three models of communication: linear, interactive, and transactional. Define the basic communication elements contained in the communication models (channel, sender, receiver, message, encode, decode, context, fields of experience, noise, and feedback) Explain the two aspects of every message: Content and relationship.Understand the communication competence model. How could you enhance your communication competence? What differentiates a constructive communication climate from a destructive communication climate? Chapter 2: Perception of Self and Others Define the perceptual process. What is a perceptual schema (prototype, stereotype, and script)? How is self-concept developed (reflected appraisal, significant others, and s ociety)? What are some of the influences on perception (gender, culture, past experiences, mood, and context)? What is self-disclosure? Define the concepts of depth and breadth in terms of self-disclosure.What are the guidelines for offering and receiving self-disclosure? Why is reciprocal sharing important? Define the term â€Å"self-serving bias†. What is the self-fulfilling prophecy? What does it influence? Define the process of attribution? How does the fundamental attribution error impact competent communication? What is empathy? Chapter 3: Culture and Gender Define what culture is. Explain how culture influences communication. Define ethnocentrism, cultural relativism, and multiculturalism. Explain the major differences between individualistic and collectivistic cultures.Explain the major differences between low-power distance and high power-distance cultures. Explain the major differences between feminine and masculine cultures. How does culture influence nonverbal com munication? Chapter 4: Language Explain the nature of the relationship in languages from phonemes, morphemes, syntax, and semantics. Define the four essential elements of all languages (structure, productivity, displacement, and self-reflexiveness). Explain the abstracting process (sense experience, description, inference, and judgment). Explain the two versions of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.Explain how connotative meaning differs from denotative meaning. What is the difference between a fact and an inference? What are jargon and euphemisms? Chapter 5: Nonverbal Communication What are the differences between verbal and nonverbal channels of communication? What are the functions of nonverbal communication (repetition, substitution, regulation, contradiction, accentuation)? Explain the major types of nonverbal communication (kinesics, paralanguage, territoriality, proxemics, and haptics). Can you identify the kind of nonverbal communication exhibited in an example? Chapter 6: Listenin g to OthersDefine listening by its basic elements (comprehending, retaining, and responding). What are the types of listening (informational, critical and empathic)? What are the most common problems that thwart competent informational listening (conversational narcissism, competitive interrupting, glazing over, pseudo-listening, and ambushing)? What are the most common listener response styles used in empathic listening? Interpersonal Communication Chapter 7: Power Define power. Explain the difference between assertiveness and aggressiveness. What are the major power resources (expertise, legitimate authority, reward, punishment, personal qualities)?How is power indicated in communication (verbally and nonverbally)? Chapter 9: Interpersonal Conflict Management Define conflict. Differentiate between destructive and constructive conflict. Define the three internal relational dialectics (openness-closedness, novelty-predictability, and autonomy-connection). How do we address these rel ational dialectics? Define the five most common conflict negotiation strategies (accommodating, avoiding, controlling, compromising, and collaborating). Group Communication Chapter 10: The Anatomy of Small Groups Define what a small group is. What are the advantages and disadvantages of small groups?What is cohesion? How is it developed? What influence does cohesion have on task and social dimensions of small groups? What are group norms? What is a small group role? What is the difference between formal and informal roles? Explain the difference between the three types of informal group roles (maintenance, task, and disruptive). What is leadership? What are the different approaches to leadership (traits, styles, and situational)? Define the major leadership styles (directive or autocratic; participative or democratic; laissez-faire, and situational). Chapter 11: Effective GroupsExplain the distinctions between a team and a group. What is brainstorming? What is critical to its succes s? Explain the steps in the Standard Agenda. Explain the differences between the major forms of decision-making (majority rule, minority rule, and consensus). What are the benefits and disadvantages of consensus? What is groupthink? How might groupthink be avoided? Public Speaking Chapter 12: Preparing Speeches What are the components of audience analysis (demographics, values, beliefs, & attitudes)? What elements of speech making are influenced by audience analysis (preparation and presentation)?Define the general purpose, specific purpose, and central idea in public speaking. What should be considered when choosing a topic (speaker, subject, and person addressed)? How does one avoid plagiarism? What are the types of supporting materials used in speeches? What are the criteria for evaluating supporting material? What are the basic elements of a competent outline (symbols, coherence, completeness, balance, and division)? Identify the organizational pattern used in speeches (topical, spatial, causal, chronological, problem-solution, and Monroe’s Motivated Sequence)?Chapter 13: Presenting Speeches What is speech anxiety? What are some guidelines for managing speech anxiety? What are the critical elements of a speech introduction? What are the critical elements of a speech conclusion? What is the difference between oral and written styles of speech making? What impact do various delivery considerations have on an audience (eye contact, vocal variety, verbal fluency, poise, dynamism)? Explain the differences between the major delivery styles (manuscript, memorized, extemporaneous, and impromptu). Chapter 14: Informative SpeakingWhat distinguished informative speaking from persuasive speaking? What is a transition? What is necessary for an appropriate or effective oral citation? What are the types of visual aids that can be used during a speech? What are guidelines for the competent usage of visual aids? Chapter 15: Persuasive Speaking Define persuasion. Wha t are the primary dimensions of credibility (competence trustworthiness, dynamism, and composure)? Define the three Aristotelian modes of proof (ethos, logos, and pathos). Identify propositions of fact, value and policy.

History of Accounting Essay

The name that looms largest in early accounting history is Luca Pacioli, who in 1494 first described the system of double-entry bookkeeping used by Venetian merchants in his Summa de Arithmetica, Geometria, Proportioni et Proportionalita. Of course, businesses and governments had been recording business information long before the Venetians. But it was Pacioli who was the first to describe the system of debits and credits in journals and ledgers that is still the basis of today’s accounting systems. The industrial revolution spurred the need for more advanced cost accounting systems, and the development of corporations created much larger classes of external capital providers – shareownersand bondholders – who were not part of the firm’s management but had a vital interest in its results. The rising public status of accountants helped to transform accounting into a profession, first in the United Kingdom and then in the United States. In 1887, thirty-one accountants joined together to create the American Association of Public Accountants. The first standardized test for accountants was given a decade later, and the first CPAs were licensed in 1896. The Great Depression led to the creation of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in 1934. Henceforth all publicly-traded companies had to file periodic reports with the Commission to be certified by members of the accounting profession. The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) and its predecessors had responsibility for setting accounting standards until 1973, when the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) was established. The industry thrived in the late 20th century, as the large accounting firms expanded their services beyond the traditionalauditing function to many forms of consulting. The Enron scandals in 2001, however, had broad repercussions for the accounting industry. One of the top firms, Arthur Andersen, went out of business and, under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, accountants faced tougher restrictions on their consulting engagements. One of the paradoxes of the profession, however, is that accounting scandals generate more work for accountants, and demand for their services continued to boom throughout the early part of the 21st century.

3 Essential Steps to Landing a Seasonal Job

3 Essential Steps to Landing a Seasonal Job 1.  Target the Right EmployersYou can start by targeting large, nationwide retailers- Macy’s, Kohls, Walmart, and shipping companies like UPS or FedEx are expected to hire on thousands of extra hands this year.  But  don’t confine your search to the major retailers. Play to your strengths and apply to specialty groceries, caterers, household shops or nearby stores whose products you know well. Enjoying what you’re selling can partially make up for even the longest double shift! There’s some promising news this year: temp job hourly rates at e-commerce companies (anything that delivers, from Best Buy to Amazon) will likely leap from the $9-$11 2014 average up to $15 or more, which is good news for the underemployed.2. Develop Your Technical SkillsAs you start filling out applications and creating a perfect retail resume, brush up on your technical skills- bracing for massive holiday crowds, many companies equip retail employees with iPads or other rem ote tech support devices to meet the needs of customers who mix their in-person and online shopping habits. You don’t want to seem confused if they put a tablet in your hand instead of the usual POS software. Emphasize any customer service experience, as well as organizational or administrative background you’ve had.3. Practice for Your InterviewIf you make it through the initial application process, be ready to wow in your interview. Read articles on different blogs about various interviewing techniques. Remember, employers prioritize reliability (including punctuality- so be early and be prepared), enthusiasm, and a great working attitude. Be flexible about scheduling, willing to take off-hours and pick up extra shifts, and be the best team player you know how to be. Even if they can’t retain you through the regular season, they’ll remember you next fall and you may luck into a recurring seasonal position.Good luck and happy holiday hiring season!

The Story of an Hour Questions for Study

The Story of an Hour Questions for Study The Story of an Hour is one of the greatest works by Kate Chopin. Summary Mrs. Mallard has a heart condition, which means that if shes startled she could die. So, when news comes that her husbands been killed in an accident, the people who tell her have to cushion the blow.  Mrs. Mallards sister Josephine sits down with her and dances around the truth until Mrs. Mallard finally understands what happened. The deceased Mr. Mallards friend, Richards, hangs out with them for moral support. Richards originally found out because he had been in the newspaper headquarters when a report of the accident that killed Mr. Mallard, which happened on a train, came through. Richards waited for proof from a second source before going to the Mallards to share the news. When Mrs. Mallard finds out what happened she acts differently from most women in the same position, who might disbelieve it. She cries passionately before deciding to go to her room to be by herself. In her room, Mrs. Mallard sits down on a comfy chair and feels completely depleted. She looks out the window and looks out at a world that seems alive and fresh. She can see the sky coming between the rain clouds. Mrs. Mallard sits still, occasionally crying briefly like a kid might. The narrator describes her as youthful and pretty, but because of this news she looks preoccupied and absent.  She seems to be holding out for some kind of unknown news or knowledge, which she can tell is approaching.  Mrs. Mallard breathes heavily and tries to resist before succumbing to this unknown thing, which is a feeling of freedom. Acknowledging freedom makes her revive, and she doesnt consider whether she should feel bad about it. Mrs. Mallard thinks to herself about how shell cry when she sees her husbands dead body and how much he loved her. Even so, shes kind of excited about the chance to make her own decisions and not feel accountable to anyone. Mrs. Mallard feels even more swept up by the idea of freedom than the fact that she had felt love for her husband. She focuses on how liberated she feels. Outside the locked door to the room, her sister Josephine is pleading to her to open up and let her in.  Mrs. Mallard tells her to go away and fantasizes about the exciting life ahead.  Finally, she goes to her sister and they go downstairs. Suddenly, the door opens and Mr. Mallard comes in. Hes not dead and doesnt even know anyone thought he was. Even though Richards and Josephine try to protect Mrs. Mallard from the sight, they cant. She receives the shock they tried to prevent at the beginning of the story. Later, the medical people who examine her say that she was full of so much happiness that it murdered her. Study Guide Questions   What is important about the title?What are the conflicts in The Story of an Hour? What types of conflict (physical, moral, intellectual, or emotional) do you see in this story?How does Kate Chopin reveal character in The Story of an Hour?What are some themes in the story? How do they relate to the plot and characters?What are some symbols in The Story of an Hour? How do they relate to the plot and characters?Is Mrs. Millard consistent in her actions? Is she a fully developed character? How? Why?Do you find the characters likable? Would you want to meet the characters?Does the story end the way you expected? How? Why?What is the central/primary purpose of the story? Is the purpose important or meaningful?Why is the story usually considered a work of feminist literature?How essential is the setting to the story? Could the story have taken place anywhere else?What is the role of women in the text? What about single/independent women?Would you recommend this story to a friend?

Terror Risk Assessment and Counter-Terrorism Strategy Essay

Terror Risk Assessment and Counter-Terrorism Strategy - Essay Example A quick strategy that many governments adopt when confronting terror is one of deterrence. However, one academic’s discussion points out that deterrence is hardly an effective strategy, although it still is a crucial part of any comprehensive plan. Deterrence, in the case of Israel for example, requires extreme, â€Å"Draconian† measures for success and thus defies justice. Overall, the most effective form of deterrence may be an all-out assault on the leadership structure of a traditional terrorist organization, but little else can be done. (Radlauer) That said, the best counter-terror strategy is a readiness for a response after the movement of the attack begins, but before it can be effectively carried out. In a sense, this can be compared to structuring a vehicle to be durable and ensure the safety of its passengers in the case of an unavoidable accident.One of the most devastating possible terrorist attacks is the use of a biological weapon, as chemicals and diseas es are a threat to human life that can arrive undetected and cause massive loss of life from a small source. For potential terrorists, biological weapons present a method of destruction that requires a lower level of infiltration and effort with a high-yield result. A research fellow from the Center for Non-Proliferation Studies describes how the Israeli government’s counter-terror efforts in the realm of biological and chemical attacks present a model for the US government to follow when making policy.... Deterrence, in the case of Israel for example, requires extreme, â€Å"Draconian† measures for success and thus defies justice. Overall, the most effective form of deterrence may be an all-out assault on the leadership structure of a traditional terrorist organization, but little else can be done. (Radlauer) That said, the best counter-terror strategy is a readiness for response after the movement of the attack begins, but before it can be effectively carried out. In a sense, this can be compared to structuring a vehicle to be durable and ensure the safety of its passengers in the case of an unavoidable accident. One of the most devastating possible terrorist attacks is use of a biological weapon, as chemicals and diseases are a threat to human life that can arrive undetected and cause massive loss of life from a small source. For potential terrorists, biological weapons present a method of destruction that requires a lower level of infiltration and effort with a high-yield re sult. A research fellow from the Center for Non-Proliferation Studies describes how the Israeli government’s counter-terror efforts in the realm of biological and chemical attacks present a model for the US government to follow when making policy. He describes how the Israeli government provides a kit to all citizens, free of charge, consisting of a gas-mask and sterilization tools. This is part of an overall strategy that recommends keeping a â€Å"sealed body in a sealed room† during the event of a biological attack, and also recommends that citizens set the radio to a station playing only static while sleeping—this station is used by the government to broadcast warnings. However, these strategies may not be practical in the US, where society is not so

Intercultural Analysis Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Intercultural Analysis Paper - Essay Example Balinese) and the American culture on grounds of marriage, language, religion and social organization among others. DISCUSSION I have been settled in America from past several years. I have visited various nations of the world and encountered with diverse cultures and ethnics. However, America has been a different experience for me. This experience of mine is largely influenced by the rich cultural heritage, values along with beliefs that hold by the people belonging to this country. In my initial days in the country, I attended a marriage of one of my close friends who belonged to the American culture. There, I had an international experience which aided me to figure out the difference of my culture with that of the American culture. In this regard, it will be vital to mention that I belong to Balinese Hinduism culture. Balinese Hinduism is regarded as a practice which is mainly associated with the people of Bali. People belonging to this culture possess several different set of bel iefs and cultures that differs drastically from that of others. As per my experience relating to cultural pattern, I observed that there lay certain drastic differences between the Balinese culture and the American in terms of marriage, language and religion among others. Marriages of an individual in my culture i.e. the Balinese culture generally take place in a very young age. ... On the other hand, I learnt from the experience that marriages in American culture take place mainly by declaring commitment towards one another in the presence of friends and families along with religious statures like priest. One of the imperative cultural patterns that I have experienced is that marriage in my culture involves more rituals as compared to that of American culture (University of San Diego, â€Å"Factors That Influence Our Views on Marriage†). Furthermore, apart from the marriage traditions, I also learnt from the experience about the drastic language differences that prevail amid the two cultures. People in my cultural group mainly speaks in their native language i.e. Balinese. However, with the aspect of modernization, people in my community also speak in English while conducting their daily activities. My language i.e. Balinese is divided into three levels on the basis of politeness that include low, medium and high Balinese. The low Balinese is usually spo ken to friends, the medium one is used for strangers and higher one is spoken to priests (The Economist, â€Å"Language of Many Levels†). Conversely, in relation to determine the cultural pattern that I have experienced, I found that the American culture has no official or native language of its own. In order to obtain a comprehensive understanding regarding this aspect, I have cited a census survey conducted by the US government in the year 2000. This survey depicts that 82 percent of the people belonging to American culture speak English while conducting their daily activities. However, I was unable to identify any sort of level existing in speaking language which was present in my culture (Saint Ignatius High School, â€Å"Languages Spoken in the United

Electri City and From Telegraph to Internet Essay

Electri City and From Telegraph to Internet - Essay Example The French engineer Nicholas Cugnot (1769) invented the first self-propelled transport - a three-wheeled tractor. It was used by military to haul artillery and reached speeds of 21/2 mph. Cugnot recorded the first accident in a mechanized vehicle which landed him in financial problems when his financiers pulled the plug on him. Several improvements were done of this 'car' each model becoming faster than previous generation culminating in shift from mechanical to modern electrical cars. The steam engines introduced a revolution in transportation. Samuel Homfray funded adoption of steam power in 1803 and Richard Trevitheck (1771-1833) managed to build the first steam propelled tramway locomotive. It carried a load of more than 10 tons over a distance of 9 miles at an average speed of 41/2 miles. Man's desire for speed is illustrated by the story of Baron von Drais who invented the bicycle in 1817. This instrument which was initially made of wood enabled Drais "to navigate the royal gardens faster". The machine was initially powered by pushing using feet enabling the rider to glide along. Several modifications led to the bicycle as we know it today. All the transport inventions were driven by man's need for speed. ... All this was achieved by man's craving for greater speed. Space tourism beckons with the first space tourist having been recorded in 2004. Many more will follow as man's journey leads to other planets and beyond. The black spot of all this is that the earth's environment has been affected by the road and rail network that crisscrossing the earth bringing pollution and upsetting ecosystems and scenery. Telegraph to internet The invention of telegraph by Joseph Henry in 1831 speeded up long-distance communication by decoupling communication from human travel. Alexander Bell's telephone invention that followed later has evolved into the ubiquitous mobile cell phone network of today. The internet has taken mankind on another giant leap forward. From dawn of time man used signs and sounds to communicate with each other. The earliest appearance of printed messages is traced to the Chinese in 3500 B.C. They used paper-like material to pass messages in their primitive postal network around 900 B.C. Bound books started appearing around 100 A.D. and then newspapers and magazines followed around 1450. The typewriter only appeared as late as 1714 A.D. Henry's telegraph sent messages as a sound on metal wires. Bell reasoned that it should be possible to send complete human speech over wires. By 1876 he had perfected his telephone and by 1914 the first transcontinental call could be made. Around 1896 Guglielmo Marconi had shown that you could dispense with connecting wires and use radio waves to carry both telegraph and voice. For a time things remained pretty much the same on the communications front for a while as inventors as inventors explored the possibilities of other communications such as radio,

Recovery From Acute Stroke

Recovery From Acute Stroke This assignment will concentrate on how team of different health professionals will help Alfred (from the case study) on his journey of recovery from acute stroke. The following health professionals may be required to team up in order to help Alfred on his journey to recover: Physiotherapist( help tackle weakness or paralysis), Orthotist (help with muscle function by supporting limbs with braces), Occupation Therapist (help on day-to-day activities), Speech and language therapist (tackles the damage done to communication skills), Dietician (provide advice on eating a healthy diet), psychiatrist (help with emotional difficulties), optician (can recommend aids such eye patch), Social worker (to deal with his welfare and that of his mother), Radiographer (to deal with scans) and Doctor (refers Alfred to all other professionals and prescribe treatment) (Stroke Association, 2010). The team will try to lower and stabilise the condition, prevent from reoccurring and support Alfred to do things which he cannot do by himself. First, will highlights different s key skills needed by interprofessional, then will identify and talk about different factors that may influence care plan received by Alfred. Furthermore different organisational structures which will affect the care plan received by Alfred will be discussed. Also elaboration of different codes of conducts and how will help different professions to do their job effectively. Never the less there will be highlights of different legislations and will show how they deliver care plan for the service user. An interprofessional team is a type of multicultural environment, in which the unique cultures of professions, departments, agencies and disciplines come together for common purpose (Martin Rogers 2004). According to Wade et al., (1985), the health professional team is to help the patient to return to normal physical, social and emotional state whenever possible. Highlight key skills that you think your profession and other professions possess that positively assists Alfred on his journey towards recovery? Professional need to have shared skills based on common overview and clearer knowledge of different perspectives of patient and other professionals (Keene, 2001). There are many share skills in multidisciplinary team but today only few will explained. The team will need good communication to help Alfred to know his future health rehabilitation and personal centred care which will enable to empower and offer him a degree of his control regarding the care he receives from all professionals. It is also important for disciplinary groups to communicate within each other to ensure continuity of care and monitor Alfreds progress in all aspect of his life. In relation to communication, it is important that Alfred is regularly assessed to ensure that effective care plan is put in place. Along with care plan goals and measures are incorporated this is to offer motivation to Alfred and highlights any area of extra support which will be required. During the assessment progress problems will also be highlighted e.g. what type of Occupation Therapy equipment will be needed, checking if his medication working effectively, if he receives enough required support such as day centre access, benefits and diet requirements. Identify and discuss a number of different factors that may influence/impinge upon the care package received by Alfred, e.g. values, altitudes, beliefs and issues of equality and how these may affect your decision making. Concerns regarding Alfreds life style in terms of value, believes and altitude has to be considered within his care package due to the effects it has on his health. Patient must be treated with respect and should not be discriminated in anyway. Issues like smoking will be attempted to be addressed as advised will be offered along with counselling, to help Alfred reduce his smoking. Professions should help Alfred without influencing or discriminating against his smoking habit. Alfred care plan can also be affected due to stress regarding his mother hill health, therefore it will be considered to provide care to his mother. Alfred will also be encouraged to socialise with his old friend and restart activities such as dart as part of his rehabilitation. This will be decided due to his passion for dart and provide an incentive to stop smoking. Alfred care plan will also contain a strong routine; this decision was influenced with the fact that, Alfred lived a sedentary life style before his stroke. Identify and discuss how the different structures within organisations can affect the care received by Alfred? In order for Alfred to receive a positive experience of his care it is important that the care groups are governed by different structures. These structures can be more formal and legal by structure to that of informal and less professional approach of volunteers (Wade et al., 1985). E.g. volunteer groups are general selected on their basis of liability and interest, while groups like National Health Services (NHS) employ people based on qualification, knowledge and ability. Those who work in volunteered centre are usually provided with very basic training, whilst professional worker by law and regulations have to be training more intensively and adequately to provide service. Volunteer groups are very valuable to Alfred care as they can offer a more personal approach and helping to build a more friendly relationship which will help release stress and concerns to Alfred. Professional buddies are less likely to achieve due to restrictions with time and resources. Together all these organisations will help to provide Alfred with a more complete care package. Things that will affect Alfred recovery will be, not been able to communicate affectively, time management and poor attendance within organisation. How do the different codes of conduct support you and the wider team to deliver care and treatment to Alfred? Codes of conducts are very important principle of health care which provides good structure to all persons and organisations. They provide a core element on what should be covered and achieved when providing support. According to HPC (2008), all health professionals are under duty to put the patients first, this must be demonstrated by all team members when they work to fulfil the common goal which is to help Alfred on his journey to recover. Confidentiality should be maintained by keeping all Alfreds health-related records private and keep them in safe locked cupboard all the time. Alfred has the right to know his financial and medical information will be looked after and he will be informed if that privacy is breached. Multidisciplinary team members must respect Alfreds rights to refuse treatment or a treatment option, if he may wish to do so. E.g. Alfred may refuse the exercise routine which has been prescribed by his physician, if he thinks the routine is too much for him. Alfred must be treated with courtesy and respect regardless his belief, values and diversity. What examples of different legislation might you have to pay due regard to in the delivery of care of Alfred? The followings are few of legislations that will apply in Alfreds case; Health and Safety Act 1974, Equality Act 2010 and Data Protection Act 1998. For the team to perform Health and Safety Professionals must make sure that Alfreds is in safe environment all time by carrying out risk assessments, due to these assessments the team will identify what might cause harm to Alfred and all the key people around him. There must be a first Aid kit available in the premises, all professionals must put on Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) whenever needed and report all incidents might occur. All professionals and other people who look after him must be trained to use particular equipments when performing a particular task (Health and Safety Act 1974). According to Equality Act 2010, all profession will need to treat Alfred without any judgement or any discrimination against any belief that he has. Team need to maintain democracy and peoples right in order to provide equal rights to Alfreds. Alfreds self esteem and confidence must be kept to the level and try not to make him feel isolated or psychological stressed. According to Data Protection Act, 1998, people must protect against misuse of information about them. Alfreds data should be kept safe and prevented from unauthorised access and against loss accident damage or total destruction. The Professional team must provide and maintain confidentiality in Alfreds data records all the time. Conclusion The multidisciplinary team collaborated effectively because they were all client orientated and passionate with what they were doing. They all cared about Alfreds needs. All multidisciplinary team members had different perspective and different opinions individually but they all had one aim, to help Alfred through his journey of recovering. They all had say and fair participation in Alfreds care, although all professionals came from different departments of health organisation, all of them had sharing skills which helped them to understand each other and focus on Alfreds needs. The multidisciplinary team provided quality care by followed all codes of conducts and put all required legislations in place for caring of Alfred. All multidisciplinary team members got strength and weakness in some area however they all looked after each other, from Consultants, Nurses, Occupation Therapies, Radiographers, Social workers and Health social cares. All managed to keep on focussing on helping Al fred, by preventing his condition to worsening, concentrated on caring for Alfreds health and social needs, stabilised and supported him to do things which he couldnt manage to do them by himself in the feature and finally to complete his journey for recovery.

The Partys Denial Of A Persons Natural Rights :: essays research papers

The novel 1984 touches on many disturbing aspects about the denial of a person's natural rights. In today's society people are granted certain rights which the government or anyone else can not take away. These rights are the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. In the novel 1984 the government which the people of Oceania live under has taken away all of the rights of people, including natural rights. The right to life has been taken away in the sense that a persons life is the party. A person is born for the party, works for the party, and dies for the party. Liberty is taken away by not allowing the privacy of thought or action. To coin the phrase "Big Brother is watching you". The right of a person pursuing happiness is unquestionably taken away because all forms of pleasure (games, sex, laughter) are illegal. The government promotes hate and unhappiness. The life of a person living in Oceania is strictly controlled. A person does not choose what they do for a living, or who they associate with. The party is the center of everybody's life. The only reason anyone marries or has children is so that the children can live for the party. The children grow up learning how to defy and betray everyone for the party. Children will tell on anybody, even their parents if they see them acting in a unorthodox or peculiar way. When Winston was in the Ministry of Love he discovers that a co-worker of his, a man by the name of Parsons, who had been turned in for thoughtcrime by his own daughter. This is a quite disturbing incident because Parsons was proud of his child and happy that he had been sent to the Ministry of love before he had committed any other thoughtcrime. He is a prime example of a person whose entire life was for the party and for Big Brother. Even though Winston and Julia were enemies of the party their lives were still spent doing work for the party. They would still participate in the two minute hates and would still do their jobs, which both helped the party brainwash more and more people. No one ever outwardly betrayed the party. Liberty can be defined as exemption from control of another, freedom from external restraint, and the power of choice. All of these definitions defy the very basis of the party.

History to Hrm

Evolution of HRM †¢ History – MANAGEMENT – MAN MANAGEMENT †¢ Approaches †¢ Difference in Personnel Management and HR †¢ EXAMPLES OF MANAGEMENT PRACTICES TROUGHTOUT HISTORY †¢ Ancient †¢ Medieval †¢ Modern History Of HRM †¢ Industrial Revolution – Advantages and Disadvantages †¢ Trade Union Era – World War and Post World War †¢ Social Responsibility – Paternalistic Approach †¢ Scientific Management – F. W Taylor – Henry Fayol History Of HRM †¢ Industrial Psychology – Human Factor – Human Relations, Hawthorne Experiments †¢ Behavioral Sciences – Motivation – Satisfaction Modern Management – Management By Objectives – Organization Development It all began with, role of personnel manager being: †¢ Clerk – Managing Dues †¢ Record Keeper – Managing Time Keeping †¢ Channel of Communication between Employees + Management, Recruitment & Selection †¢ Industrial Relations – Union †¢ Labour Laws– Eg. Min. Wages, PF, ESIC Laws– †¢ Welfare Officer – Recreation †¢ Training & Development Phases of Human Resource Management AND TODAY †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Organization Development Strategic Partner Human Capital ManagementIt is a Profession Rising Prominence of the Human Resource Management: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Emphasis on quality Impact of technology Liberalization of Indian economy Privatization of Indian economy Globalization Rising Prominence of the Human Resource Management: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Changes in political philosophy Trade unionism Cutthroat competition International problems – Diversified workforce – Knowledge workers – Information Technology Approaches towards Human Beings: †¢ Mechanical approach – commodity approach or factor of production concept – up to 1920. Paternalistic Approach – from 1920 till great depressions – died during the Great Depressions of 1930s. Approaches towards Human Beings: †¢ Social System or Humanistic Approach: 1930-40 Psychologists – Mayo, Mc 40 Gregor etc. Sociologists – Blake etc. †¢ Human Resource Approach – 1940 onwards – (distinct needs, aspirations and personality) – MBO, two way communication, leadership, quality circles etc. Evolution of HRM in India 1920s – 30s Pragmatism of capitalists 1940s – 50s Technical, legalistic 1970s – 80s Professional, legalistic, impersonal 1990s PhilosophicalDIFFERENCE BETWEEN HRM/ HRD/ PRESONNEL †¢ LETS DISCUSS †¢ HRM AND PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT ARE THE SAME †¢ Some experts assert that there is no difference between human resources and personnel management They state that management. the two terms can be used interchangeably, with no difference in meaning. In fact, the terms a re often used interchangeably in help-wanted ads and job descriptions descriptions. †¢ When looking for a job in personnel management or human resources, it is important to realize that many companies use the terms interchangeably If you are offered interchangeably. job as a personnel manager, you may be required to perform the same duties as a human resource manager, and vice versa. In some companies, a distinction is made, but the difference is very subtle. Personnel vs. Human Resource Management †¢ Human †¢ Personnel Resource Management Management †¢ Personnel means †¢ persons employed. PM is the management of people employed. HRM is the management of employees’ skills, knowledge, abilities, talents, aptitudes, creative abilities etc. Employee is treated not †¢ Employee is treated as only as economic man an economic man as his but also as social and services are exchanged psychological man. Thus for wage/salary the complete man is viewed. â₠¬ ¢ Employees are used †¢ Employees are used for the multiple mutual mostly for organizational benefit of the benefits. organization, employees and their family members. †¢ Personnel function is †¢ HRM is a strategic treated as only an management function. auxiliary. †¢ Employee is viewed as a †¢ Employee is treated as commodity or tool or a resource. quipment, which can be purchased or used. †¢ Employees are treated †¢ Employees are treated as a profit centre and as cost centre and therefore, invests capital therefore management for human resource controls the cost of development and future labour. utility. †¢ Employees are used †¢ Employees are used for mostly for organizational the multiple mutual benefits. benefit of the organization, employees and their family members. †¢ Personnel Management is more of administrative functions. †¢ Personnel function are said to be reactive †¢ Personnel function is treated as only an a uxiliary. HR, is responsible for managing a workforce as one of the primary resources that contributes to the success of an organization. †¢ HRM is a proactive function. †¢ HRM is a strategic management function. Relationship Between HRM and HRD †¢ Human resource management (HRM) encompasses many functions †¢ Human resource development (HRD) is one of the functions within HRM †¢ Personnel management Precedes the history Talent Management †¢ A dynamic, ongoing process of systematically †¢ identifying, assessing, and developing talent for †¢ future critical roles to ensure continuity and †¢ effective organizational performance. Note that some people distinguish a difference between between HRM (a major management activity)and HRD(Human Resource Development). Those people might include HRM in HRD, explaining that HRD includes the broader range of activities to develop personnel inside of organizations, including, e. g. , career development, training, organization development, etc. ? There is a long-standing argument about where HR standing HR-related functions should be organized into large organizations, eg, â€Å"should HR be in the Organization Development department or the other way around? ? The HRM function and HRD profession have undergone tremendous change over the past 20-30 years. Many years ago, large 30 organizations looked to the â€Å"Personnel Department,† mostly to manage the paperwork around hiring and paying people. More recently, organizations consider the â€Å"HR Department† as playing a major role in staffing, training and helping to manage people so that people and the organization are performing at maximum capability in a highly fulfilling manner. Jobs & Careers in HRM †¢ HR Specialist †¢ HR Manager †¢ HR Executive

Local and National Provision Research Essay

Research and write about the local and national provision for your preferred sport. The aim of this assignment is to research the local and national provision for tennis. The main governing body for tennis is the Lawn Tennis Association. I will research how the LTA provides funding and helps players from a beginner level to and elite level. There are many ways in which a performer can improve and compete, I will research how these are done and what help is given. Often there isn’t sports provision for those with disabilities, i will investigate what is available in tennis. I will also research what is available in our area. Tennis venues in Suffolk include ? Park courts ? Clubs and village courts ? School and education facilities Tennis courts in parks are generally maintained and run by local authorities for example in Bury St Edmunds there are courts in the Abbey Gardens. Courts are expensive to hire at around à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5 per hour. There are several clubs in West Suffolk for example The Risbygate Club in Bury St Edmunds. There is a joining fee for the club, which is quite expensive particularly for young people however, the subsequent cost of hiring the court is cheaper than / A number of villages in the West Suffolk area have their own communal courts which you can access providing you are a resident in the village, for example Bardwell has 2 courts. There are no indoor courts in West Suffolk therefore tennis is mostly played through spring and summer. Tennis lessons for children are available throughout the year in venues such as local leisure centres and schools where mini courts and practise sessions can be set up. For those who wish to compete there is the Glasswells tournament in the summer,in Bury St Edmunds, all other competitions take place further a field which require transport to get there. The LTA is the main tennis governing body. It makes these opening statements on its website â€Å"OUR VISION, To make Britain a great tennis nation. OUR MISSION, More players, Better players.† (www.LTA.org.uk) The LTA aims to develop tennis from the grass roots of tennis to international success. They have clear priorities, juniors, clubs and performance. They believe in order to succeed, tennis needs to be played from a young age, money is invested in encouraging very young children to the game and helping them develop their skills to become talented players who will represent their country. The British Tennis Foundation is the official tennis charity. It works alongside the LTA, to provide opportunity for young people and those with disabilities. It helps organise come and try sessions, national training programmes and international tournaments. The Central Council of Physical Recreation CCPR is responsible for distributing lottery money to national governing bodies, some of this money is given to the LTA to invest in the development of tennis. The National Coaching Federation NCF aims to improve the standard of coaching in the UK. It runs courses to ensure coaches are fully qualified and are able to coach participants to the very highest standards. This enables players to be coached my the very best and produce a very competitive edge. Many talented performers begin playing tennis at a very young age, they gradually move up through club age groups. When a youngster with talent is spotted their coaching becomes more intense and their level of competition increases. The LTA has a system of tennis coaching which begins young and carries on to senior tennis.   4-8years, mini tennis, this is fun and ensures tennis is enjoyable and played regularly 8-10years, club futures, clubs and coaches provide opportunities for juniors with talent to compete and be involved in club performance programmes 11-13years, county futures, talented players are spotted from club futures to be part of a nationwide programme at county level 11-14years, national futures, young competitors who have the right athletic ability, competitive attitude, mental balance and behaviour are chosen and are provided with the technique to succeed on the international stage   14-22years, academies and intermediate, preparing players to make the step from junior to senior game by providing competitions and physical conditioning 22+, senior players, intensive coaching and training. If a talented player wishes to pursue a career in tennis but also study for a degree at university, special scholarships are available to ensure top coaching is still available but alongside studies. Wheelchair tennis can be played against others in wheelchairs or able bodies players. The International Tennis Foundation regulates the wheelchair game. The ITF ensures wheelchair competitors can compete in the worlds most prestigious events. Wheelchair tennis can be played on regular tennis courts, so some facilities are available. Many wheelchair players are discriminated against and there are no wheelchair teams locally. This is because nationally wheelchair isn’t as widely played as able bodied tennis. Tennis provision is minimum at the moment, but it is higher than it has been. The LTA is committed to developing the game and with encouragement from those already participating I believe in the future tennis will have the best facilities and provision, regardless of their age, gender, or ability. www.wtatour.com www.itfwheelchairtennis.com www.itfjuniors.com www.minitennis.com www.btf.com www.lta.org.uk